The Five Domains Model for Animal Welfare

The Five Domains Model is a framework for assessing animal welfare by evaluating five domains: nutrition, environment, health, behavioral interactions and mental state. The evidence-based model helps to identify how these domains interact to affect an animal's welfare. This approach builds on other models, such as the Five Freedoms, by accounting for both negative and positive experiences and combining those measures into an overall assessment of how the animal feels about their life – their affective state – which can give us insight into their overall welfare.

The Five Domains model includes:

1. Nutrition: Providing proper food and water to support health.
2. Environment: Ensuring animals have a safe, clean, and enriching space.
3. Health: Addressing medical needs and promoting overall wellness.
4. Behavioral Interactions: Offering opportunities for positive social interactions and mental stimulation.
5. Mental State: Reducing stress and promoting emotional well-being.

This Five Domains framework focuses on both the physical and mental needs of animals, ensuring they are not only healthy but also happy and comfortable in their environment. 

By understanding and applying these principles, shelters can create a more compassionate, supportive environment that promotes better outcomes for animals. Whether you're a shelter professional or a pet owner, this model helps us prioritize the complete welfare of animals, from their physical care to their emotional needs.